I am a lazy gardener meaning I love working in the garden; however, I am all over saving time and energy. I do not have the environment to save vegetables in the house. You can leave some vegetables in the ground until the soil freezes (usually mid-December). Carrots are a good example. To prevent soil freeze, my mother used to place square bales of straw over the row. You could go out in February and dig out some vegetables.
Parsnips can be left in the ground like carrots. Even if the soil freezes solid, if you were quick in the spring after a thaw, they would be simply fine. Most people do not like parsnips because they have eaten them before frost. When the root freezes, this creates a high sugar content in the root making them like candy sautéed in butter.
Beets are touchier. They should be harvested before the soil starts to freeze.
Cabbage is an example of a vegetable that can withstand freezes. Cabbage is eaten in the summer and one eaten in the fall have totally different tastes. The fall cabbage will be sweeter because of the higher sugar content caused by cold weather.